![]() 2,3,7 Parafunctional contacts can occur from oral habits or occlusal neuroses such as clenching, bruxism, and biting of nails, lips, or hard objects. 3 Parafunctional contacts are those produced outside of the normal range of function and can negatively impact the supporting periodontal structures. Functional contacts refer to the harmonious relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth during mastication and swallowing. 2 In a random sample analysis to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among US adults, Asiri et al 11 concluded that of the 8,804 examined, nearly 66% had at least one or more forms of malocclusion.Ĭontact discrepancies in the maxillary and mandibular arches are affected by the dentition’s interrelational contacts. Malocclusion occurs when teeth do not come together in normal occlusion, and is considered any deviation from the anatomically acceptable relationship of the maxillary and mandibular arch/teeth. 10 Normal occlusion helps to prevent disease, and is not only esthetically appealing but also supports proper oral functions such as mastication, speech, and balance of periodontal structures. 2 Occlusal trauma, like periodontal diseases, is multifactorial. ![]() Malocclusions and Occlusal Traumaĭental occlusion refers to the relationship between maxillary and mandibular teeth when in contact with each other. These results suggest that the assessment and documentation of occlusal discrepancies when performing a comprehensive periodontal examination are helpful. They found that people with periodontitis and occlusal discrepancies who did not undergo occlusal therapy developed a significant and rapid increase in probing depths compared to those with periodontitis and occlusal discrepancies who underwent corrective occlusal treatment in conjunction with periodontal therapy. Passanezi and Sant’Ana 2 examined whether occlusal discrepancies played a role in the progression of periodontal diseases. 3,9 The potential risk for increased bone loss and pocket depth occurs when active periodontal infection and traumatic occlusion are present at the same time. Periodontal pathogens are etiological causes for periodontal inflammatory responses. 6–8 Present theories suggest that by injuring gingival and periodontal fibers and enhancing tissue permeability, occlusal trauma serves as an aggravating factor or modifier of periodontal diseases. ![]() Ethical considerations confine research to retrospective and empirical trials rather than the prospective and longitudinal studies necessary for determining occlusion and periodontal correlation. 2,5Ī cause and effect relationship between occlusal trauma and periodontal diseases has yet to be established. 4 It should become standard practice for clinicians to document and consider the implications of occlusal trauma as part of the comprehensive periodontal examination and incorporate routine occlusal evaluations. 2,3 Oral health professionals, however, often overlook occlusal discrepancies that can lead to trauma as part of their overall periodontal assessment. Identifying occlusal trauma in the earlier stages of periodontitis is key to helping reduce the potential effects of inflammatory responses and excessive occlusal forces on the supporting bone around teeth. 1 Diagnosis, treatment, and management of periodontal diseases are especially beneficial during their early stages when maintaining a healthy periodontium is achievable. Describe the therapies used to treat occlusal discrepancies.Īccording to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nearly half of adults older than 30 have some form of periodontal disease.Explain how to perform a chairside occlusal assessment. ![]()
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